![]() ![]() Pineal gland, a small, pine-cone shaped endocrine gland in the brain that produces and secretes the hormone melatonin. Also referred to as the Third Eye, this small. This relaxed focus releases neuropeptides and nitric oxide, which trigger the relaxation response. These chemicals will allow you to move into deeper meditation while stimulating the third eye region. Recall that melatonin is the main chemical produced and circulated by the pineal gland. Pineal gland or epiphysis (in red in back of the brain). Expand the image to an animated version The pineal gland, also known as the conarium or epiphysis cerebri, is a small in the. The pineal gland produces, a derived which modulates patterns in both and seasonal cycles.The shape of the gland resembles a, hence its name. The pineal gland is located in the, near the center of the brain, between the two, tucked in a groove where the two halves of the join. Nearly all vertebrate species possess a pineal gland. The most important exception is the, which is often thought of as the most primitive extant vertebrate. Even in the hagfish, however, there may be a 'pineal equivalent' structure in the dorsal. The, the nearest existing relative to vertebrates, also lacks a recognizable pineal gland. The (considered almost as primitive as the hagfish), however, does possess one. A few more developed vertebrates lost pineal glands over the course of their evolution. ![]() ![]() The results of various scientific research in evolutionary biology, comparative neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, have explained the of the pineal gland in different vertebrate species. From the point of view of biological evolution, the pineal gland represents a kind of atrophied. In the epithalamus of some species of amphibians and reptiles, it is linked to a light-sensing organ, known as the, which is also called the pineal eye or third eye. Believed the pineal gland to be the 'principal seat of the soul'. Academic philosophy among his contemporaries considered the pineal gland as a neuroanatomical structure without special metaphysical qualities; science studied it as one endocrine gland among many. However, the pineal gland continues to have an exalted status in the realm of. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Structure [ ] The pineal gland is the only that is unpaired (azygous). It takes its name from its pine-cone shape. The gland is reddish-gray and about the size of a grain of rice (5–8 mm) in humans. The pineal gland, also called the pineal body, is part of the, and lies between the laterally positioned and behind the. It is located in the near to the. It is also located behind the and is bathed in supplied through a small pineal recess of the third ventricle which projects into the stalk of the gland. Blood supply [ ] Unlike most of the mammalian brain, the pineal gland is not isolated from the body by the system; it has profuse blood flow, second only to the kidney, supplied from the choroidal branches of the. Innervation [ ] The pineal gland receives a innervation from the. A innervation from the and is also present. Further, some nerve fibers penetrate into the pineal gland via the pineal stalk (central innervation). Also, neurons in the innervate the gland with nerve fibers containing the. Histology [ ]. Of a normal pineal gland – intermediate magnification. The pineal body consists in humans of a lobular of surrounded by spaces. The gland's surface is covered by a capsule. The pineal gland consists mainly of, but four other types have been identified. As it is quite cellular (in relation to the cortex and white matter), it may be mistaken for a. Cell type Description The pinealocytes consist of a cell body with 4–6 processes emerging. They produce and secrete. The pinealocytes can be stained by special silver impregnation methods. Their cytoplasm is lightly. With special stains, pinealocytes exhibit lengthy, branched cytoplasmic processes that extend to the connective septa and its blood vessels. Interstitial cells are located between the pinealocytes. They have elongated nuclei and a cytoplasm that is stained darker than that of the pinealocytes. Many capillaries are present in the gland, and perivascular phagocytes are located close to these blood vessels.
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